Información general

Tucumán es la segunda provincia con mayor cantidad de desempleados

Tucumán registró índices de desempleo que no se anotaban desde hace 17 años.

 

El Indec dio a conocer el índice de desempleo, que se ubicó en el 10,2% en el primer trimestre de este año. Según el informe difundidas por el organismo, la falta de trabajo afectó a 1,3 millones de personas en los 31 aglomerados urbanos del país donde se releva la Encuesta Permanente de Hogares (EPH).

El índice bajó 0,8 puntos porcentuales en relación al cuarto trimestre de 2020 y recortó 0,2 puntos con respecto al mismo período del año pasado. Además, se situó casi tres puntos por debajo del máximo número alcanzado desde la irrupción de la pandemia, que se registró en el segundo trimestre de 2020, cuando la desocupación llegó al 13,1% por efecto de la cuarentena impuesta por el Gobierno.

En cambio, la tasa de empleo, que mide la proporción de personas ocupadas con relación a la población total, se ubicó en 41,6% (la más alta desde el primer trimestre del año pasado, cuando marcó 42,2%). Entre los ocupados, hay un 71,8% de asalariados; un 24,4% de trabajadores por cuenta propia; un 3,1% de patrones; y solo un 0,7% corresponde a trabajadores familiares sin remuneración.

Según los datos oficiales, la desocupación afecta más a las mujeres (12,3%) que a los varones (8,5%). A la vez, los jóvenes de ambos sexos son los que más sufren la falta de trabajo. Para las mujeres de entre 14 y 29 años, la desocupación llega al 24,9%, mientras que varones de las mismas edades alcanza al 17%.
 

Los distritos con más desempleo

Del informe del organismo surge con nitidez que los distritos con mayor desempleo son Córdoba (14,8%), Tucumán (14,4%) y Tierra del Fuego (12,3%).

En el caso de la primera, la tasa creció casi dos puntos desde la última medición y alcanza a 115 mil personas. Córdoba es una de las jurisdicciones con más empleo privado del país y, como contrapartida, la que menos empleados públicos tiene respecto al total de su población total. La paralización de la actividad, producto de las restricciones, impactó de lleno en los números de la desocupación.
 
En Tucumán

 

Distinto es el caso de Tucumán donde casi la mitad del empleo es público.
 
Allí, no obstante, el índice creció cinco puntos desde el 9,5% del período previo y unas 58 mil personas no tienen trabajo.
 
El distrito gobernado por Juan Manzur no registraba un porcentaje tan alto desde hace 17 años, cuando en el tercer trimestre de 2004 consignó la misma cifra.


En tanto en Tierra del Fuego, si bien el desempleo se mantiene en niveles altos, sobre todo por la paralización de la industria turística, el guarismo se redujo en medio punto en comparación con el primer trimestre cuando alcanzó 12,8%. En la provincia austral alrededor de 9000 personas se encuentran desocupadas.
Los que menos desempleo tienen

San Luis, Río Negro y Formosa, tres provincias con un alto porcentaje de empleo público, son los distritos que menos desocupación registraron en el informe difundido  por el Indec.

En la provincia puntana la tasa de desempleo cayó un punto y medio desde la última medición (4,9%) para situarse en 3,5% en el primer trimestre de este año. Unas 4000 personas no tienen trabajo en ese distrito. El rápido avance de la vacunación en ese distrito permitió que los cierres no fueran tan duros como en el resto del país, lo cual gravitó sobre la actividad.

En el caso rionegrino, el descenso fue uno de los más pronunciados. Del 6% del último trimestre de 2020, la provincia gobernada por Arabella Carreras cayó al 3,9%, más de dos puntos. Según los datos oficiales, solo unas mil personas no tienen empleo.

Por último, en el distrito del norte del país, el índice se situó en 4%, dos décimas por debajo del período previo. Unas 3000 personas no tienen trabajo en el distrito que encabeza Gildo Insfrán.
 

Las mayores fluctuaciones

Tucumán registró el mayor crecimiento del índice de desempleo respecto de la última medición. La tasa creció en la provincia 4,9% pasando del 9,5 al 14,4 por ciento.

Jujuy fue el otro distrito con fuerte suba de la desocupación. En la provincia que gobierna Gerardo Morales el índice pasó del 4% del período anterior al 7,4% difundido hoy. En la provincia norteña 12 mil personas no tienen trabajo.

Finalmente, Corrientes es la tercera provincia con un importante salto en el desempleo. En el distrito en el que Gustavo Valdés irá por su reelección este año, el índice creció un 3,2 por ciento, pasando del 6,7% al 9,9%. Allí 17 mil personas no tienen trabajo.

Qué se espera para los próximos meses

Un informe de la consultora Ecolatina, vaticina para los próximos meses una ligera mejora en el empleo informal, pero una lenta recuperación en el trabajo registrado.

“En la medida que las restricciones se relajen y la vacunación avance, esperamos que el empleo informal vuelva a los niveles prepandemia hacia el cierre del año representando más de la mitad de los empleos que se creen durante los próximos meses”, señala.

Y añade: “Esta dinámica podría eventualmente reducir la expansión del cuentapropismo, que parece ser una salida laboral para muchos trabajadores y familias en este contexto, considerando que el empleo formal crecerá lentamente a lo largo del año en los 31 aglomerados urbanos”.

“Conjuntamente, prevemos que el empleo -en todas sus modalidades- crezca alrededor de 6,5% en promedio este año, quedando más de 3% por debajo de 2019. Esta parcial recuperación sería mayor a la de la actividad económica a nivel agregado, en parte por el rezago en términos reales que los ingresos laborales presentarán durante buena parte del año, y en parte por la precarización del mercado de trabajo, ya que la recuperación estará liderada por los empleos no registrados”, concluye.

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