Cuál es el secreto de Catamarca
La única provincia libre de COVID-19
La provincia tiene habilitadas el 90% de las actividades y esta semana decidió volver a cerrar sus fronteras para evitar el ingresos de casos importados.
Catamarca sigue en cero. A tres meses del inicio de la pandemia, cuando los informes diarios suman los contagios de a mil, la provincia norteña mantiene su récord: es la única 100% libre de COVID-19.
Para alcanzar este logro, en el distrito gobernado por Raúl Jalil se combinaron las características del territorio y una serie de estrategias y decisiones políticas.
Entre las últimas se destacan en primer lugar la rapidez para adoptar medidas estrictas de contención sanitaria. Catamarca suspendió los eventos masivos el jueves 12 de marzo, y ese mismo fin de semana implementó controles febriles en el aeropuerto y en las terminales de ómnibus. También dejaron habilitado un único ingreso a la capital provincial donde se montó un nodo sanitario y cerraron el paso San Francisco en la frontera con Chile.
Ese domingo 15 de marzo el presidente Alberto Fernández recién había mencionado por primera vez la posibilidad de “parar la Argentina por diez días”. Luego ordenó cerrar las fronteras y algunos días después, el 20 de marzo, firmaría el decreto del aislamiento obligatorio, que comenzó a regir 17 días después del primer caso positivo confirmado en el país.
Catamarca adhirió a todas las medidas sanitarias dictadas por el Gobierno nacional y además fue la primera provincia en establecer el uso del barbijo obligatorio (27 de marzo) para todos los ciudadanos. Lo hizo a pesar de que por entonces la Organización Mundial de la Salud y el ministro Ginés González García ponían en duda su eficacia como método preventivo.
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Incluso dieron un paso más en relación al aislamiento preventivo. Mientras la nación proponía aislar por 14 días a quienes regresaban de países con circulación comunitaria, en la provincia ampliaron el listado a todos los países donde simplemente hubiera casos registrados.
¿Pero por qué fueron tan estrictos? La ministra de Salud, Claudia Palladino, explicó a Infobae que el gobierno provincial ya venía muy preocupado por el brote de dengue que afectaba al NOA y además tuvo una mala experiencia con la epidemia de esa enfermedad en 2009. Este año, los primeros casos de dengue se habían registrado en febrero y eran importados.
“Es como que sumamos los dos riesgos. Además, por la epidemia de 2009, teníamos todo un training en la implementación de bloqueos, de control de circulación, de trabajo preventivo. Entonces adaptamos esta gimnasia a la nueva modalidad”, detalló la funcionaria.
De hecho, ya estaba conformado el Comité Operativo de Emergencia contra el Dengue que permitía la coordinación del trabajo preventivo que estaban llevando adelante diferentes equipos sanitarios. En base a esa estructura previa, el COE se adaptó al coronavirus, se amplió y se conformaron COEs regionales con la participación de municipios y autoridades sanitarias y de seguridad.
En cuanto al barbijo, la propuesta provino del mismo gobernador Jalil que vivió algunos años en Japón, un país en el cual el uso del tapabocas es mucho más habitual que en occidente. “No solo consideraban que era una buena medida preventiva sino que también funcionaría como un recordatorio físico constante de que hay que cuidarse y mantenerse distanciado. Me hicieron la propuesta junto con la ex gobernadora Lucía Corpacci, que es infectóloga, y yo la acepté”, recordó la doctora Palladino.
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Pero también hubo factores objetivos que contribuyeron a facilitar la implementación de los controles. Catamarca es una de las provincias menos pobladas (400.000 habitantes) y no cuenta con un aeropuerto internacional. Además, tampoco tuvo que recibir una afluencia tan importante de residentes que volvieran de visitar países con circulación comunitaria, como sucedió al principio en la ciudad de Buenos Aires y en el norte de la provincia de Buenos Aires.
La red de contención montada por la provincia permitió aislar y seguir a más de 2.000 personas desde marzo. A pesar de que algunos manifestaron síntomas compatibles con el coronavirus, todos fueron testeados y dieron negativo.
Los requisitos para ser testeado en Catamarca también son más amplios. “Ante el menor síntoma se testea. Ya se han hecho más de 500, lo que da un promedio de 137 cada 100.000 habitantes; un número alto considerando que no tenemos casos”, detalló la ministra de Salud.
El sistema de salud provincial cuenta con 123 camas de terapia intensiva para adultos, con una ocupación del 34% con otras patologías. Ante este panorama, las autoridades provinciales se muestran muy confiadas de poder afrontar cualquier brote futuro.
No obstante, la situación financiera también representa una preocupación. Según detalló a Infobae la ministra de Planificación y Modernización, Susana Peralta, por la caída de la recaudación la provincia afrontó una merma de $2.000 millones en sus recursos. A esto se suman los $600 millones destinados a insumos y equipamientos sanitarios ($150 millones corresponden a la construcción del Hospital Carlos Malbrán) y otros $200 millones extras para reforzar la asistencia alimentaria.
“Hemos tenido asistencia de Nación para compensar la caída pero obviamente la mayor parte se está afrontando con ahorros propios de la provincia. El principal problema es que no sabemos cuánto va a durar todo esto”, resumió la ministra Peralta.
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Esta semana el gobierno provincial decidió cerrar nuevamente las fronteras provinciales. Únicamente podrá entrar y salir el personal dedicado al abastecimiento de suministros esenciales como combustible y alimentos.
La decisión obedece a que la provincia ya tiene más del 90% de sus actividades en funcionamiento -incluidos restaurantes, bares y fútbol 5- y el aumento de los casos a nivel nacional representa una seria amenaza que podría tirar todo el esfuerzo por la borda.
“Creemos que esto va para largo, entonces apostamos al cambio de hábitos. Aunque nos cueste tenemos que entender que la manera de hacer las actividades post Covid tiene que ser con los protocolos, no relajarnos”, resumió la ministra de Salud.
INFOBAE
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