Información general

El “Día después” de la Batalla de Salta

 “La Campana de la Patria”, el legado del General Belgrano a los franciscanos

Al día siguiente de la Batalla de Salta, el General Manuel Belgrano asistió junto a su Plana Mayor al oficio de un solemne Te Deum en el templo de San Francisco, para dar gracias por la victoria y en sufragio de las almas de los fallecidos por la Patria.

No es fácil imaginar cómo habrá sido el “Día después” de la Batalla de Salta. Cómo habrá funcionado el Hospital de San Andrés –hoy Convento de San Bernardo- donde se atendieron heridos. Aquel panorama desolador de pertrechos, animales y soldados insepultos, regados por los campos y en las calles mismas de la Ciudad.

En medio de todo aquel escenario tan dramático, luego de finalizada la contienda, se ofreció un baile al cual fue invitado el jefe español, Juan Pío Tristán y Moscoso, y al que asistió, por supuesto.

En las primeras horas de la mañana siguiente, el General Manuel Belgrano y su plana mayor asistieron a un Te Deum en la iglesia de San Francisco. Por entonces se utilizaba como Matriz a la desaparecida iglesia de los Jesuitas que se levantaba sobre las actuales esquinas de Mitre y Caseros. Por haber sido uno de los escenarios más violentos de los combates estaba en aquel momento inutilizable, con cuerpos regados en su interior todavía.

“Ni vencedores ni vencidos”

El saldo del combate son 481 muertos, 114 heridos, 2.776 soldados realistas prisioneros. El parque tomado al enemigo consta de diez piezas de artillería, 2.188 fusiles, 200 espadas, pistolas y carabinas y demás vituallas. Tres banderas se le toman como trofeo al enemigo.

Belgrano ha intentado detener el enfrentamiento enviando antes un parte a Pío Tristán de quien ha sido condiscípulo en España y con quien ha luchado entonces por el amor de la misma mujer. Pero Tristán se empeña y la batalla se da.

En sus “Memorias”, José María Paz relata aquellos momentos diciendo que: “En la mañana del 21, los ejércitos estaban sobre las armas. El uno, para desocupar la plaza; el otro, para entrar en ella; el uno, para entregar sus armas; el otro, para recibirlas. El tiempo seguía lluvioso y a rato caían buenos chaparrones; a pesar de eso, serían las nueve cuando el ejército real salió al campo, formado en columna, llevando los jefes a su cabeza, batiendo marcha los tambores, y sus banderas desplegadas. La tropa nuestra, que estaba afuera, los recibió con los honores correspondientes, hasta que, a cierta distancia, su columna hizo alto.

Habiendo desplegado en batalla el batallón que llevaba la cabeza, empezó a desfilar por delante del jefe y hombres nuestros, que estaban apostados para recibir el armamento, que iba entregando hombre por hombre, juntamente con sus cartucheras y correajes. Los tambores hicieron lo mismo con sus cajas, los pífanos con sus instrumentos, y el abanderado entregó, la real insignia que simbolizaba la conquista y un vasallaje de 300 años».

La “Campana de la Patria”

El General Belgrano ordena que el bronce de los cañones y piezas tomadas al enemigo se funda para fabricar una campana que conmemore la Gesta. La historia la conoce como “La Campana de la Patria” y pende actualmente en el campanil de la Iglesia de San Francisco. 

Para el día de Te Deum del día 21 de Febrero de 1813, San Francisco tenía un campanil construido en madera porque el que actualmente engalana al conjunto no existía, recién levantará hacia 1882 cuando Fray Luis Georgi remodele todo el templo y le de la fisonomía que actualmente tiene.

La Campana tiene un peso de 1406 kg. y en su ejecución se utilizaron además joyas que la población donó como ofrenda por la victoria.

 

El círculo señala la rajadura que se extiende hasta arriba en la Campana, con lo cual perdió su sonido original

Esta Campana tañía cada mediodía en Salta, a la hora del Ángelus y sus doce sones recordaban aquel triunfo definitivo de Manuel Belgrano. Lamentablemente, en algún momento un campanero se apoyó en el bronce mientras vibraba y la Campana se partió perdiendo su sonido.

Vista de un patio interno del Convento de San Francisco desde el Campanil 

Un dato interesante ligado a lo que podríamos llamar “proselitismo histórico” es que la Campana luce una inscripción que certifica su origen y dice “Hecha en Salta en 1813″ y a su lado decía “Viva la Patria”, inscripción que hoy está limada, producto de alguna mano realista que más tarde ejecutó ese acto pensando en reivindicar a España.

El bronce de la Campana limado por algún realista

Escalera de acceso a la «Campana de la Patria»

Foso por el cual colgaba la gruesa soga con la cual desde abajo se movía el badajo para los sones del mediodía.

Vista del frontis de la Basílica Menor de San Francisco desde la «Campana de la Patria»

Vista desde la ubicación de la Campana, a 54 metros de altura. El más alto de Sudamérica.

Parte del techo del templo y la linterna de la Basílica Menor de San Francisco desde el campanil

Hoy, la «Campana de la Patria» dejó de utilizarse y yace colgada en las alturas como un vigía silenciosa de aquella histórica y gloriosa jornada del 20 de Febrero de 1813.

FUENTE: SALTA- POR ERNESTO BISCEGLIA.-

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