Información general

Qué barbijos se pueden usar en el avión y cuáles están prohibidos

El uso de tapabocas es obligatorio, pero no todos son aceptados.

Así como los protocolos para las diferentes actividades se van ajustando a medida que evoluciona la pandemia del coronavirus, quien se encuentra próximo a viajar vuelve a preguntarse qué tipo de barbijo o tapabocas puede utilizarse a bordo del avión.

La respuesta depende de las normas de cada aerolínea que, además, en algunos casos, fueron cambiando con el tiempo y un mayor conocimiento del virus.

Lo que no cambia y es común a todas es que el barbijo es obligatorio tanto en los aeropuertos como a bordo.

No todas las aerolíneas aceptan cualquier tipo de barbijo. Foto: Shutterstock

No todas las aerolíneas aceptan cualquier tipo de barbijo. Foto: Shutterstock

Por ejemplo, hace poco más de un mes, LATAM anunciaba la prohibición de cuatro tipo de barbijos a bordo a partir de marzo: «mascarillas con válvulas (cualquier modelo), protectores bucales, bufandas y bandanas de tela» no pueden utilizarse por «su baja eficiencia comprobada en la filtración de virus y bacterias».

Actualmente para abordar un avión de esta compañía aérea se permiten barbijos quirúrgicos, FFP2 y FFP3 sin válvula de exhalación y barbijos de tela.

Jugadores locales

A mediados de marzo, JetSmart también ajustó su política sobre barbijos

Sólo permite abordar a aquellos pasajeros que tengan tapabocas quirúrgicos tradicionales, N95 y KN95 (sin válvulas) o artesanales fabricados de tela, «dado que evitan la propagación del 90% de las gotas expulsadas al respirar, toser o estornudar».

La aerolínea low cost prohíbe usar «tapabocas con válvula, pañuelos o bandanas de tela y protectores bucales plásticos, debido a su baja eficacia para evitar la transmisión del virus».

Todas estas medidas, dicen en la compañía, «se enmarca en las recomendaciones de organismos internacionales, como la Asociación Internacional de Transporte Aéreo (IATA), la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y organismos gubernamentales».

Algo parecido a lo que anunció esta semana Avianca que actualizó sus protocolos de bioseguridad. A partir del 14 de abril solo aceptará en sus vuelos el uso de barbijos quirúrgicos o estándar sin válvulas y los fabricadas con tela.

Los que quedan prohibidos: barbijos o mascarillas “anti-gas” o con filtros externos, barbijos con válvula, bufandas o pañuelos utilizados como protección respiratoria. Tampoco se aceptarán las máscaras faciales plásticas utilizadas sin tapabocas.

Protocolos a bordo de un vuelo de Aerolíneas Argentinas. Foto TELAM

Protocolos a bordo de un vuelo de Aerolíneas Argentinas. Foto TELAM

En el caso de Aerolíneas Argentinas, no especifican que se necesite un tipo de barbijo en particular en sus aviones.

En la web, en la sección donde enumeran los protocolos sanitarios, sólo señalan:

«Es obligatorio en todo momento el uso de barbijos o tapabocas por parte de los pasajeros y nuestra tripulación. Si transitás una situación médica o una discapacidad que te impida colocarte y sacarte fácilmente el tapaboca, contactanos a producto@aerolineas.com.ar, con un mínimo de 72 horas antes de tu viaje».

Desde la low cost Flybondi responden que los barbijos o tapabocas que se utilizan son los que están recomendados por la autoridad de salud.

«Sin embargo, no entran en este concepto los tapabocas con válvulas o cualquier otro que no cumpla con la doble capa de protección de tela y que cubra tanto mentón como nariz por completo. Esto rige tanto para los empleados como para los pasajeros», aclaran en la compañía aérea.

Cada uno con su norma

En Air France se permite utilizar el barbijo quirúrgico o FFP1, FFP2 o FFP3 sin válvula. No está permitido subir al avión con barbijos de tela o que tengan válvulas.

En Air France no se permiten barbijos de tela o que tengan vávulas. Foto: Air France

En Air France no se permiten barbijos de tela o que tengan vávulas. Foto: Air France

¿Qué dicen en la empresa sobre los barbijos quirúrgicos?

«Filtran como mínimo el 95% de las partículas de tamaño superior o igual a 3 micras, y presentan dos ventajas: obviamente, filtran las partículas emitidas por los portadores de virus pero, según el Instituto Francés de Investigación y Seguridad (INRS), protegen además a quien las usa de las gotitas proyectadas por la persona que se encuentre en frente. Las mascarillas quirúrgicas permiten filtrar tanto el aire inhalado como el aire exhalado».

Incluso suman varias consideraciones a tener en cuenta. Por ejemplo: «Se recomienda no llevar la misma mascarilla quirúrgica más de 4 horas y cambiarla después de beber o comer. Por lo tanto, le recomendamos llevar más de una, dependiendo de la duración del vuelo».

Parte del mismo grupo aéreo, en KLM permiten tapabocas caseros de tela, siempre y cuando sea una tela densa y tenga dos capas de tela.

Aviones de KLM en el aeropuerto de Schiphol, Amsterdam. Foto REUTERS/Piroschka van de Wouw/File Photo

Aviones de KLM en el aeropuerto de Schiphol, Amsterdam. Foto REUTERS/Piroschka van de Wouw/File Photo

Detallan en la web: «Una mascarilla adecuada debe ajustarse bien a un lado de la cara y cubrir la nariz, la boca y el mentón y debe constar de al menos 2 capas de tejido apretado, como el algodón o el lino. La mascarilla no debe tener válvulas de exhalación ni ranuras».

Y agregan que «si la máscara facial se humedece o se ensucia, debe cambiarse por una nueva. Debe usar una nueva mascarilla facial cada 3 horas. Asegúrese de llevar suficientes barbijos para todo el viaje». También aclaran que hay destinos que pueden tener requisitos específicos en este sentido.

Por su parte, Turkish Airlines señala que lo importante es que el barbijo esté colocado todo el tiempo y cubra nariz y boca permanentemente

La aerolínea Delta -que fue una de las únicas compañías estadounidenses que mantuvo la política de bloqueo del asiento del medio de sus vuelos hasta ahora (la medida vence en mayo)- especifica en su página web los tipos de barbijos que se permiten a bordo según las pautas de los CDC (Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades​ de Estados Unidos).

«Deben estar agarrados a la cabeza con lazos o tiras para las orejas, y deben calzar de forma ceñida pero cómoda a los costados del rostro para asegurar una sujeción adecuada», dicen.

Pasajeros con barbijos a bordo de un avión de Delta. Foto AP Photo/Julio Cortez

Pasajeros con barbijos a bordo de un avión de Delta. Foto AP Photo/Julio Cortez

Los permitidos: barbijos médicos o quirúrgicos desechables; de tela confeccionados con material de tejido firme (se recomiendan de 2 o 3 capas); respiratorios sin válvula (N95 o KN95); de tela con visor de plástico transparente; cobertores para cuello de dos capas (los cobertores de una capa deben doblarse).

Además de los barbijos, aclaran que «se pueden utilizar anteojos o protectores faciales de plástico, pero estos no están aprobados como reemplazo de las mascarillas».

Los no permitidos: con válvula de exhalación, con aberturas, perforaciones u orificios; pañuelos, bufandas, máscaras para esquiar y pasamontañas. Tampoco están permitidas las «mascarillas novedosas y a batería que no cumplan con las especificaciones de las mascarillas permitidas enumeradas anteriormente».

CLARIN

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