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Hallaron por primera vez restos de un dinosaurio carnívoro en Salta

Restos del primer terópodo abelisaurio del noroeste argentino, una especie de dinosaurio carnívoro cuyos rastros en el país se habían registrado solo en la Patagonia, fueron hallados en la provincia de Salta, un descubrimiento que pone luz a lo que ocurría hace 70 millones de años en lo que hoy es el norte del país.
«Este descubrimiento tiene la importancia de entender un poco cómo evolucionaron y cómo cambiaron estos dinosaurios abelisaurios y, por otro lado, viene a llenar los grandes baches geográficos que teníamos en Argentina, ya que en el norte del país no conocíamos nada de dinosaurios», explicó a Télam el investigador del Conicet, Federico Agnolín.
El especialista en dinosaurios carnívoros se refirió al Güemesia Ochoai, que es el nombre que le adjudicaron al nuevo ejemplar en honor al general Martín Miguel de Güemes, en el bicentenario de su fallecimiento, y a Javier Ochoa, que es el técnico en Paleontología cordobés que hizo el hallazgo.
Se trata de la base de un cráneo de abelisaurio casi completa, encontrado en la formación conocida como Los Blanquitos, en el alejado Valle de Amblayo, en el departamento San Carlos, en la provincia de Salta.
«Tiene unos 70 millones de antigüedad y en aquel momento el mundo era muy distinto a lo que es hoy. No estaba la Cordillera de los Andes, la Patagonia era una zona boscosa mucho más húmeda; o sea, tenemos realmente otro espacio temporal», detalló Agnolín, quien encabezó el trabajo sobre el hallazgo recientemente publicado en el Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology.
El investigador señaló que «se conocen muy bien los dinosaurios de la Patagonia», sostuvo que «recientemente apareció información de los dinosaurios brasileros», pero detalló que «entre estos dos lugares teníamos un gran bache de información; realmente no sabíamos qué tipo de dinosaurios ni qué tipo de fauna ni siquiera habitaba toda esa zona».
«El Güemesia ayuda a llenar un poco ese bache, porque por primera vez tenemos un dinosaurio del grupo de los abelisaurios, que eran unos dinosaurios carnívoros, relativamente de medianos a pequeños, o sea, de entre 5 y 10 metros de largo, que nos muestra que estos animales no solamente estaban en la Patagonia y en Brasil, sino también en lo que hoy es el norte argentino», manifestó.

«Teníamos un gran bache de información; realmente no sabíamos qué tipo de dinosaurios ni qué tipo de fauna ni siquiera habitaba toda esa zona. El Güemesia ayuda a llenar un poco ese bache»Federico Agnolín, investigador del Conicet

La base del crneo brind informacin sobre la especie como que tena un olfato agudo y una visin bastante corta

La base del cráneo brindó información sobre la especie, como que «tenía un olfato agudo y una visión bastante corta».

Asimismo, reveló que una de las cosas que sorprende del Güemesia es que «su cráneo es bastante diferente al de sus parientes cercanos», ya que «es de huesos muchos más delgados, menos sólidos, con anclaje de musculatura más reducido, o sea, una forma mucho más pequeña y seguramente más primitiva que sus parientes de la Patagonia».
«Tenemos que destacar que al Güemesia se lo conoce solo por la base de un cráneo, que es un solo elemento, pero es la parte que contacta el cráneo con el resto del cuerpo y por allí pasan muchas arterias, venas y músculos», apuntó Agnolin.
En este sentido, indicó que «es una parte de gran importancia, que brinda muchísima información anatómica, tal es así que pudimos reconstruir el cerebro del Güemesia y ahí vimos que, por ejemplo, tenía un olfato agudo y una visión bastante corta, entre otros datos que obtuvimos con ese material».
Para lograr esta reconstrucción del cerebro del animal, el investigador platense reveló que la metodología utilizada fue la de los «tomógrafos médicos», que generalmente se usan para diagnósticos por imágenes en las personas.
Además, destacó «la gran pericia de Javier Ochoa, que es un gran conocedor y un excelente buscador de fósiles», lo que permitió encontrar esta base de cráneo en Amblayo, «una zona alejada de Salta en la cual los fósiles son muy escasos, así que encontrar cualquier resto es de mucho valor».
Por ello, «le dedicamos el nombre de la especie: Güemesia Ochoai», explicó, al tiempo que sostuvo que «de ninguna manera fue algo fortuito, sino que estábamos buscando los materiales y Javier lo encontró».
El equipo a cargo del trabajo y el descubrimiento estaba integrado por investigadores argentinos, hindúes e ingleses.

Telam SE

«Nuestra idea es terminar los trabajos en la zona. Ya hemos ido varias veces al lugar, los fósiles son muy escasos, así que se hace difícil, pero queda el panorama abierto para continuar o que otros grupos de gente continúen», contó Agnolín a Télam.
El hallazgo de este espécimen constituye la primera aparición inequívoca de un abelisaurio en el noroeste de Argentina y aporta nueva evidencia sobre la distribución geográfica durante el Cretácico Superior en América del Sur, según la publicación en el Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology del 10 de febrero pasado, firmada por Agnolín y otros científicos.
La profesora y paleontóloga Anjali Goswami, líder de investigación en el Natural Hoistory Museum de Londres, coautora del trabajo publicado y que junto a Agustín Scanferla encabezó la expedición, consideró que «este nuevo dinosaurio es bastante inusual para su tipo».
«Tiene varias características claves que sugieren que es una especie nueva, que proporciona nueva información importante sobre un área del mundo de la que no sabemos mucho», explicó en un comunicado.
A la vez, contó que el hallazgo «muestra que los dinosaurios que vivían en esta región eran bastante diferentes de los de otras partes de Argentina, lo que respalda la idea de provincias distintas en el Cretácico de América del Sur».
«También nos muestra que hay mucho más por descubrir en estas áreas, que reciben menos atención que algunos de los yacimientos de fósiles más famosos», sostuvo.
Los abelisaurios son dinosaurios carnívoros de brazos cortos y piernas robustas, que habitaban en el hemisferio sur hace más de 70 millones de años, y el nuevo espécimen tiene una gran importancia a nivel científico.
En el trabajo también se destaca la participación de los científicos del Conicet Mauricio Cerroni y Ariana Carabajal.

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