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NASA estrellará una nave contra un asteroide para evitar que choque con la Tierra

La nave espacial se estrellará contra una luna del asteroide para ver de qué manera afecta al movimiento de la roca en su viaje espacial.

Como en el filme «Armageddon», una nave espacial de la NASA se estrellará deliberadamente la semana que viene contra un asteroide que, eventualmente, podría dirigirse directamente a la Tierra.

La nave espacial se estrellará contra una luna del asteroide para ver de qué manera afecta al movimiento de la roca en su viaje espacial.

A partir de las 17:30 de Miami, Florida, de ese día, se podrán seguir los acontecimientos en una transmisión en directo con las imágenes captadas por la nave en el sitio web de la NASA. Se espera que el impacto se produzca alrededor de las 19:14 hora de Miami.

La misión se dirige a Dimorphos, una pequeña luna que orbita el asteroide Didymos, cercano a la Tierra.

El sistema de asteroides no supone ninguna amenaza para la Tierra, aseguraron los responsables de la NASA. Por este motivo, es un objetivo perfecto para probar un impacto cinético, que podría ser necesario si un asteroide se encamina a impactar el planeta.

El proyecto será la primera demostración a gran escala que haga la agencia espacial de la tecnología de desviación de asteroides que puede proteger el planeta.

«Por primera vez cambiaremos de forma medible la órbita de un cuerpo celeste en el universo», explicó Robert Braun, jefe del Sector de Exploración Espacial del Laboratorio de Física Aplicada de la Universidad Johns Hopkins.

Los objetos cercanos a la Tierra son asteroides y cometas con órbitas que los sitúan a menos de 48,3 millones de kilómetros de la Tierra.

Detectar la amenaza de los objetos cercanos a la Tierra, o NEOs, que podrían causar graves daños, es un objetivo primordial de la NASA y otras organizaciones espaciales de todo el mundo.

Los astrónomos descubrieron Didymos hace más de dos décadas.

Significa «gemelo» en griego, un guiño a cómo el asteroide forma un sistema binario con el asteroide más pequeño o luna. Didymos tiene casi 0,8 kilómetros de diámetro.

La nave espacial captó recientemente su primera vista de Didymos utilizando un instrumento llamado Cámara de Reconocimiento y Navegación áptica, o DRACO.

El día del impacto, las imágenes tomadas por DRACO revelarán la primera visión de Dimorphos.

Durante el evento, estas imágenes se transmitirán a la Tierra a un ritmo de una por segundo, proporcionando una mirada «bastante impresionante» de la luna, aseguró Nancy Chabot, científica planetaria y líder de coordinación de DART en el Laboratorio de Física Aplicada.

En el momento del impacto, Didymos y Dimorphos estarán relativamente cerca de la Tierra, a unos 11 millones de kilómetros.

Su objetivo es chocar con Dimorphos para cambiar el movimiento del asteroide en el espacio, según la NASA. Esta colisión será grabada por el LICIACube (Light Italian CubeSat for Imaging of Asteroids), un satélite cúbico complementario proporcionado por la Agencia Espacial Italiana.

El CubeSat, del tamaño de un maletín, viajó con DART al espacio.

El proyecto recuerda al filme «Armageddon» (1988), con Bruce Willis, Ben Affleck y Liv Tyler.

Este clásico del cine de ciencia ficción, dirigida por Michael Bay, trata sobre un grupo de perforadores de plataformas petrolíferas que son enviados por la NASA a un enorme asteroide que amenaza el planeta Tierra. El objetivo de la NASA en esa ficción es taladrar su superficie y destruirlo con una bomba nuclear.

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