Información general

Un departamento turístico con árboles en peligro

Cafayateños piden que se protejan los últimos montes de algarrobos

Uno de los impedimentos para la conservación es que el departamento está excluido del Mapa de Ordenamiento Territorial de Bosques Nativos de la provincia.Ver cómo se arranca un árbol, sea con topadora o con una motosierra, puede resultar una experiencia devastadora. Desde el ruido de la destrucción de esos añosos troncos hasta el sonido de su caída. Esa sensación invadió a los vecinos de Cafayate, la ciudad vallista más turística de Salta, que compraron sus lotes en un lugar que antes había sido un monte de algarrobos, talas y chañar.

Pese a que se trataba de uno de los pocos montes nativos que quedan en la zona, el loteo fue autorizado por la Secretaría de Ambiente de la Provincia durante la época del gobierno de Juan Manuel Urtubey. Una dificultad adicional para conservar los bosques de esta zona radica en que no está identificada en el Mapa de Ordenamiento Territorial de Bosques Nativos (OTBN), dado que junto con la Puna son sectores que aparecen en blanco dentro de esta cartografía que en verde, amarillo y rojo indica cuáles zonas son aptas para desmontar y cuáles no.

Pueblo Nuevo es un loteo que vendió la familia Lávaque en 2011. Queda entre los kilómetros 2 y 4 y medio de la ruta nacional 68, yendo desde Salta y antes de entrar a la ciudad de Cafayate. De la ciudad cabecera lo separan tres kilómetros. Quienes conocen el lugar estiman que es una superficie de 500 hectáreas con 2.316 lotes. De ésas, unas 73 hectáreas se resguardaron para espacios verdes o institucionales. Además de los árboles incluidos en esa zona, se busca proteger al menos dos algarrobos que conocedores del lugar indican que podrían tener casi medio siglo de vida.

El ingreso al loteo Pueblo Nuevo

Los vecinos del loteo viralizaron un mensaje en el que expresaban su “tristeza profunda… es tremendo ver y oír con qué saña se ataca al monte, a los árboles, se tiran y matan tremendos algarrobos y demás árboles… las motosierras no paran nunca… las camionetas salen cargadas de noche y de día”. Su preocupación es que en realidad “están destruyendo los espacios verdes, plazas, se matan árboles antiguos, ¡cuánto dolor!”, dice el mensaje.

La vecina Marcela Moragues sostuvo que quienes habitan el loteo (unas 150 familias), saben que hay personas no propietarias del lugar que estarían realizando tala ilegal de madera en lotes desocupados. “Son personas no autorizadas por los dueños”, de cada uno de los lotes, dijo. Frente a la situación se solicitaron controles a la Municipalidad con el fin de que quienes hagan las extracciones de los árboles cuenten con un permiso, si es que se trata de una limpieza del terreno para construir sus viviendas. Moragues afirmó que también se cortaron los árboles de las zonas destinadas a ser espacios verdes e institucionales. Quienes lo hacen no tienen nada que ver con “la gente que viene desde hace años a buscar la leña que da el monte (leña seca), para poder hacer su pan casero”, aclaró.

Algarrobos de medio siglo

Sebastián Casimiro, coordinador de Gabinete del Municipio de Cafayate y diputado provincial con mandato cumplido, aseguró a Salta/12 que desde hace dos semanas que se trabaja con el propósito de que dejen de quitar los árboles de las 73 hectáreas que están señaladas para ser espacios verdes. Asimismo, contó que fue el primero que, como empleado de la Bodega Lávaque, se opuso a lo que se pretendía en 2011, cuando se iniciaron los trámites del loteo. “Querían desmontar e incendiar todo”, dijo. Fue cuando se opuso a las intenciones de borrar así el monte de algarrobos, chañar y talas que fue parte del recorrido de su infancia.

Sostuvo que ya se planteó desde la Municipalidad la necesidad de al menos cerrar los espacios verdes para evitar que los algarrobos que quedan sean dañados. Agregó que hay dos algarrobos con troncos de un diámetro de casi cuatro metros que a su entender, podrían tener casi medio siglo de vida. Ya solicitó que se gestione la expropiación de ese terreno para salvar los ejemplares.

Hasta donde Casimiro fue informado, los árboles que se cortaron son aquellos que están en los terrenos de cada loteo y contarían con permiso de los dueños. Entendió que la molestia de los vecinos es por el robo de la madera que queda acopiada en el lugar tras limpiar el terreno. “Lo que hago yo es recomendar a cada dueño que en su lote deje al menos un árbol”, dijo.

Un monte invisible

Fuentes consultadas indicaron que cuando se inició la elaboración del OTBN el departamento Cafayate fue excluído porque (en principio), sus montes no contaban con los requisitos que tomó la provincia para clasificarlos dentro de este ordenamiento. Casimiro afirmó que ya solicitó que “no se saque más nada” de lo poco que queda del bosque nativo vallisto en el municipio de Animaná, parte del departamento de San Carlos, y la zona que une a Cafayate con Colalao del Valle, ya en la jurisdicción de Tucumán.

“No se quiere que desaparezcan más montes de algarrobo”, dijo. Recordó que en su gestión como diputado (entre 2013 y 2017), planteó esta necesidad “y parece que me escucharon, porque no sacaron más árboles”. “Me parece incoherente que pongamos un arbolito por el Día del Ambiente, cuando estamos sacando otros”, reflexionó.

El mapa del OTBN. Abajo, marcado en rosa, Cafayate, fuera del ordenamiento. 

El senador por Cafayate, Sergio Saldaño, ingresó el miércoles que pasó un pedido de informes a la Secretaría de Ambiente de la provincia. Recordó que en un proyecto de declaración presentado el 9 de octubre del año pasado se solicitó protección máxima para los bosques nativos del departamento, pero no hubo novedades. En la reiteración se pidió que la cartera ambiental indique en cinco días: nuevas superficies de bosques nativos mapeados a la fecha; validación de bosques nativos por parte del Consejo Asesor de Ordenamiento Territorial y estado de categorización de bosques nativos del departamento Cafayate.

“La provincia es la que define”, dijo por su parte el coordinador de Bosques de Greenpeace, Hernán Giardini, al ser consultado sobre la falta de incorporación de Cafayate en el OTBN. Indicó que en algunas provincias como Río Negro, en el primer mapa de ordenamiento se había marcado solo la región de los bosques andinos patagónicos como nativos, dejando otras regiones afuera. Sin embargo, las zonas excluidas fueron incorporadas en el nuevo Ordenamiento Territorial. “O sea que si existe voluntad política, se puede incorporar”, la zona que reclaman los referentes de los Valles Calchaquíes, sostuvo.

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